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Loans (Liability) Group in TallyPrime — कौन से Ledgers आते हैं, Nature और Examples

Loans (Liability) TallyPrime का primary group है, nature Liabilities और normal balance Credit — यह Balance Sheet के Liabilities side पर आता है। Business ने जो पैसा उधार लिया है वो इसी group के 3 predefined sub-groups में बनता है: Bank OD A/c, Secured Loans और Unsecured Loans. हमारी book TallyPrime 7.0 सम्पूर्ण मार्गदर्शिका (अध्याय 6) में Bank Loan A/c को Loans (Liability) में रखा गया है; व्यवहार में उसे इसके sub-group Secured Loans में बनाना और साफ़ रहता है।

कौन से Ledgers इस Group में बनते हैं

Ledger Sub-group
HDFC Term Loan Secured Loans
Vehicle Loan (car/truck hypothecation) Secured Loans
Loan against Property Secured Loans
Gold Loan Secured Loans
SBI Cash Credit / Overdraft (bank account guide) Bank OD A/c
Loan from Director Unsecured Loans
Loan from Relatives / Friends Unsecured Loans
Inter-corporate Loan, NBFC business loan (बिना security) Unsecured Loans

Worked entry: Term loan की EMI

₹10,00,000 के term loan की ₹25,000 EMI में ₹18,000 principal और ₹7,000 interest है (Payment voucher):

Particulars Dr (₹) Cr (₹)
HDFC Term Loan (Secured Loans) 18,000
Interest on Term Loan (Indirect Expenses) 7,000
SBI Current A/c (Bank Accounts) 25,000

Loan मिलने वाले दिन entry उल्टी होती है: Bank Dr ₹10,00,000, HDFC Term Loan Cr ₹10,00,000। Bank के loan statement से हर साल closing balance मिलाएं।

Group behaviour

  • Bank OD A/c: इस sub-group के ledgers में bank details और Bank Reconciliation, Bank Accounts की तरह मिलते हैं; balance आमतौर पर Cr रहता है।
  • TDS on interest: Bank के अलावा किसी व्यक्ति/firm से लिए loan पर interest देते समय (शर्तें पूरी हों तो) TDS काटना पड़ता है — interest entry के साथ TDS Payable ledger लें।
  • Schedule III mapping: Secured/Unsecured term loans → Non-current Liabilities → Long-term Borrowings; अगले 12 महीने में देय किस्त और CC/OD → Current Liabilities → Short-term Borrowings। Secured और unsecured का अलग disclosure ज़रूरी है।

Confusable groups

Situation सही Group
आपने पैसा उधार लिया Loans (Liability) → sub-group
आपने किसी को उधार/advance दिया Loans & Advances (Asset)
Partner/owner ने पूँजी लगाई Capital Account
Supplier का बकाया bill Sundry Creditors

Common Mistakes

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पूरी EMI loan ledger में debit करना

Interest expense छूट जाएगा और loan balance bank statement से कम दिखेगा। EMI को principal और interest में split करें।

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Cash Credit account को Bank Accounts में बनाना

Borrowing asset side पर minus में दिखेगी। CC/OD account Bank OD A/c में।

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दिया गया loan Loans (Liability) में

नाम मिलता-जुलता है पर nature उल्टा है। दिया loan Loans & Advances (Asset) में।

FAQ

Loans (Liability) group in Tally is primary or sub-group?
Loans (Liability) is a primary group with Liabilities nature. It has three predefined sub-groups: Bank OD A/c, Secured Loans and Unsecured Loans.
Loan ledger सीधे Loans (Liability) में बनाएं या sub-group में?
Sub-group में बनाएं। Security वाला loan Secured Loans में, बिना security वाला Unsecured Loans में, और CC/OD account Bank OD A/c में। इससे Balance Sheet और Schedule III दोनों साफ़ रहते हैं।
EMI में interest कहाँ जाएगा?
EMI का principal हिस्सा loan ledger को debit करता है और interest हिस्सा Interest Paid ledger (Indirect Expenses) में जाता है।
What is the difference between Loans (Liability) and Loans & Advances (Asset)?
Loans (Liability) is money you have borrowed and must repay. Loans & Advances (Asset) is money you have lent or advanced to others and will receive back.
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Related: Secured Loans Group · Unsecured Loans Group · Capital Account Group · TallyPrime Group List

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